The Rich Mill Colonnade History and Springs Overview

The Mill Colonnade history and springs are deeply connected to the rise of European spa culture. In the 19th century, Karlovy Vary became a top destination for royalty and artists. Josef Zítek wanted to create a space that matched the city's growing prestige. His design features a massive stone portico that protects the delicate mineral sources. This structure ensures that guests can enjoy the waters in any weather.

Many people consider this the most beautiful of the famous landmarks in Karlovy Vary. The construction was not easy and took ten years to complete. Originally, Zítek planned a two-story building, but budget cuts led to the current single-story design. Despite this, the scale remains impressive and dominates the riverside promenade. It serves as a social hub where people walk, talk, and sip water.

The springs located here are known for their specific chemical compositions. Each one has a different temperature and carbon dioxide level. Doctors often prescribe specific amounts of water from these springs for digestive health. The history of these waters dates back centuries before the stone building existed. Local legends say the waters have cured thousands of visitors since the middle ages.

12 Essential Springs and Features of the Mill Colonnade

When you visit, you should know which springs are in the Mill Colonnade to get the best experience. Here are the 12 most important items to see during your walk through this historic site.

• Quick picks:
• Best Overall: Mill Spring
• Best for History: The 124 Corinthian Columns
• Best for Photos: The Allegorical Statues
• Best Nearby: Market Colonnade

1. Name: Mill Spring (Mlýnský pramen) Type: Mineral Spring Why go: This is the oldest and most famous spring in the colonnade. It has been used for medicinal baths since the 16th century. Best for: Traditional spa fans. Where: Center of the colonnade. Time: 10 minutes. Cost: Free. Tip: The temperature is around 56°C, so sip slowly.
2. Name: Rusalka Spring Type: Mineral Spring Why go: Formerly known as the New Spring, it was renamed after a famous water nymph. It is one of the most popular drinking sources. Best for: Folklore lovers. Where: Near the northern end. Time: 5 minutes. Cost: Free. Tip: Use a traditional porcelain spa cup with a spout.
3. Name: Prince Wenceslas Spring I Type: Mineral Spring Why go: This spring has a high yield and was once used to produce Karlovy Vary medicinal salt. Best for: History buffs. Where: Inside the main hall. Time: 5 minutes. Cost: Free. Tip: This is one of the hotter springs at 65°C.
4. Name: Libuše Spring Type: Mineral Spring Why go: It was originally called the Spring of the Roses of Elizabeth. It is known for its consistent flow and clear water. Best for: Refreshment. Where: Southern section. Time: 5 minutes. Cost: Free. Tip: It is slightly cooler than the Wenceslas spring.
5. Name: Rock Spring (Skalní pramen) Type: Mineral Spring Why go: This spring originally rose directly from the Teplá River. It was later brought inside the colonnade for easier access. Best for: Nature enthusiasts. Where: Northern edge. Time: 5 minutes. Cost: Free. Tip: It has a unique mineral profile compared to the others.
6. Name: The 124 Corinthian Columns Type: Architectural Feature Why go: These massive stone columns define the Neo-Renaissance style of the building. They create a rhythmic and grand atmosphere. Best for: Architecture fans. Where: Throughout the colonnade. Time: 20 minutes. Cost: Free. Tip: Look up to see the intricate carvings at the top of each pillar.
7. Name: The Twelve Allegorical Statues Type: Art Installation Why go: These statues represent the twelve months of the year. They sit atop the balustrade of the roof terrace. Best for: Art lovers. Where: On the roofline. Time: 15 minutes. Cost: Free. Tip: Try to identify which statue represents your birth month.
8. Name: The Orchestra Pit Type: Cultural Feature Why go: The colonnade was designed to host spa concerts. Music has been a part of the Mill Colonnade history and springs experience for decades. Best for: Music fans. Where: Central area. Time: 30 minutes (if a concert is on). Cost: Free. Tip: Check the local schedule for afternoon performances.
9. Name: Market Colonnade Type: Nearby Sight Why go: This beautiful white wooden structure is just a short walk away. It houses the Charles IV Spring. Best for: A quick side trip. Where: 200 meters south. Time: 20 minutes. Cost: Free. Tip: Read the legend of the city's founding on the bronze relief here at the Market Colonnade.
10. Name: Hot Spring Colonnade (Vřídlo) Type: Nearby Sight Why go: This is the most powerful spring in the city, shooting water 12 meters high. It is a modern contrast to the Mill Colonnade. Best for: Seeing the geyser. Where: Divadelní náměstí. Time: 30 minutes. Cost: Free. Tip: Visit the Hot Spring Colonnade to see the underground thermal area.
11. Name: Park Colonnade Type: Nearby Sight Why go: Located in Dvořák Park, this wrought-iron colonnade is elegant and light. It houses the Snake Spring. Best for: Relaxing in nature. Where: 300 meters north. Time: 15 minutes. Cost: Free. Tip: The Park Colonnade is perfect for a quiet morning walk.
12. Name: Prince Wenceslas Spring II Type: Mineral Spring Why go: This is a secondary outlet for the Wenceslas source. It allows more people to access the water at once. Best for: Avoiding lines. Where: Near the first Wenceslas outlet. Time: 5 minutes. Cost: Free. Tip: The taste is identical to the first outlet.

Practical Tips for Visiting the Mill Colonnade in 2026

Visiting the Mill Colonnade is easy, but a few tips will make your trip better. Most visitors arrive by walking through the pedestrian zone. You should buy a traditional spa cup from a local souvenir shop first. These cups are designed to let the water cool slightly as you drink. They also protect your teeth from the high mineral content.

The colonnade is open 24 hours a day, but the best time is early morning. You can watch the sunrise over the river while the city is quiet. By midday, the area can become very crowded with tour groups. If you want to take photos of the columns without people, aim for before 8:00 AM. For more details on timing, check the Karlovy Vary Official Tourism site.

Dress in comfortable layers as the weather in Bohemia can change quickly. Even in summer, the stone interior can feel cool in the shade. Always consult a doctor before starting a serious drinking cure. While the water is safe, the high mineral levels can affect people differently. Most locals suggest taking small sips while walking slowly through the hall.

Exploring the Area Around the Mill Colonnade

Karlovy Vary is a walkable city with many hidden gems. After exploring the Mill Colonnade history and springs, head toward the river. You can follow the Teplá River to see the Grandhotel Pupp. This path takes you past many luxury boutiques and historic cafes. It is a great way to see the city's unique architecture.

If you prefer nature, several trails lead into the surrounding hills. You can find viewpoints that offer a bird's-eye view of the colonnades. The city is also famous for its glass and herbal liqueur. You can learn more about these traditions at the Visit Czechia portal. Public transport is available, but walking is the best way to soak in the atmosphere.

For those coming from further away, the city is well-connected. You can take a train or bus from Prague in about two hours. The local bus system is efficient for reaching the outer districts. However, the historic center is a car-free zone. This makes the area around the Mill Colonnade peaceful and pedestrian-friendly.